Thursday, March 31, 2011

Sorghum bicolor , Milo

Sorghum is a tall grass, native of  Ethiopia or Somali/Eritrea. As early as 1000-1500 BC it was cultivated in India and Pakistan, so I guess we can safely assume  it was domesticated  way before that somewhere in Africa.
It is a very drought-resistant crop, and now 109 countries are producing Sorghum commercially. It is number 5 cereal crop and about 500 million people eat it daily. In 2009,  62 098 620 tonnes were produced, leaving an average consumer with  9.12 kg of sorghum for that year. That is enough to last you 15.5 days at 2000 calories a day. Worldwide, sorghum crop of 2009 could feed 288.4 million people  with the same calorie intake. It has enough protein for over 340 million people at 50 grams a day diet.
Biggest producer and exporter (over 60% of the world's total sorghum exports) is  USA with  9 728 220 tonnes in 2009.  Biggest producer per capita is Australia with 126.5 kg produced per resident in 2009. US , Australia and Argentina have over 95% of the total sorghum export market ( about 6 million tons).
43 735 937 hectares were used for sorghum production in 2009, or 2.78 % of all arable land in the world. There is a decrease of about 5-6 % in land usage since 1961. In USA, About 15-20 000 hectares  are used to grow sorghum cane to make sorghum syrup.  Once sorghum cane is crushed for juice, you can get up to 6 250 gallons of sorghum juice from 1 hectare, which after a lot work will turn into 250 gallons of sorghum syrup.
Best crop ever  was harvested in 1985, when 77 567 348 tonnes were harvested.Worst, since 1961,  was in 1961 , 40.3 million tonnes.
Best  global yields  were in 1981,  1597.5 kg per hectare. Worst, since 1961 were in 1961 again, 889.6 kg/ha. Individual yield record belongs to Jordan , 21528.8 kg/ha (2004). Some kind of experimental field I guess.
About 900 000 tonnes of sorghum were used for seeds in 2009.


List of all articles at Ironrye:
 http://ironrye.blogspot.com/2011/10/list-of-all-articles-at-iron-rye.html


Production by country                                 2007             2008              2009
Albania
Sorghum

M
M
M
Algeria
Sorghum
2405 1038 389
Argentina
Sorghum
2794967 2936840 1805220
Australia
Sorghum
1283009 3789931 2691789
Azerbaijan
Sorghum
0F 11 10*
Bangladesh
Sorghum
120 120F
M
Belize
Sorghum
6855 10690 9326
Benin
Sorghum
117322 132448
M
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Sorghum
336292 404446 314231
Botswana
Sorghum
25290 25290F
M
Brazil
Sorghum
1440750 2004005 1840469
Bulgaria
Sorghum
1815 3419 1813
Burkina Faso
Sorghum
1507162 1875046
M
Burundi
Sorghum
85565F 85565F
M
Cameroon
Sorghum
600000F 600000F 600000F
Central African Republic
Sorghum
49199* 40791* 50389*
Chad
Sorghum
576571 685430
M
China
Sorghum
2434895 2502532* 2302532F
Colombia
Sorghum
118289 134117 96570
Costa Rica
Sorghum

M
M
M
Côte d'Ivoire
Sorghum
34379 44000
M
Croatia
Sorghum
1200* 760* 1130*
Cuba
Sorghum
1069 480 297
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Sorghum
30000* 30000F
M
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Sorghum
6230 6200
M
Dominican Republic
Sorghum
1472 576
M
Ecuador
Sorghum
11000F 11000F
M
Egypt
Sorghum
843840 866948 880000F
El Salvador
Sorghum
129120 134230 163698
Eritrea
Sorghum
302515 302515F
M
Ethiopia
Sorghum
2173599 2316041 2804351*
Fiji
Sorghum
32F 32F
M
France
Sorghum
288431 230636 309900
Gambia
Sorghum
17951 25624 31882
Ghana
Sorghum
154830 330950 350550
Greece
Sorghum
49 50F 50F
Guatemala
Sorghum
51000 51000F
M
Guinea
Sorghum
37800F 37800F
M
Guinea-Bissau
Sorghum
14633 18293
M
Haiti
Sorghum
120000 100000
M
Honduras
Sorghum
55807 36390 37117
Hungary
Sorghum
10021 13558 7613
India
Sorghum
7150800 7925900 7240000
Iraq
Sorghum
1000F 1000F
M
Israel
Sorghum
22695 18000 37500
Italy
Sorghum
193243 225582 243400
Japan
Sorghum

M
M
M
Jordan
Sorghum
993 1057 1060
Kazakhstan
Sorghum
24 24 50*
Kenya
Sorghum
147365 54316 99000
Kyrgyzstan
Sorghum
37 1 50*
Lebanon
Sorghum
1000F 1000F
M
Lesotho
Sorghum
7837 10189 10151
Madagascar
Sorghum
1200F 1200F
M
Malawi
Sorghum
63698 61999
M
Maldives
Sorghum
56F 56F
M
Mali
Sorghum
900791 1027202 1465620
Mauritania
Sorghum
79674 85595 90259*
Mexico
Sorghum
6202920 6610900 6174900
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Sorghum
12F 12F
M
Morocco
Sorghum
11720 12070
M
Mozambique
Sorghum
169543 187265
M
Namibia
Sorghum
10000F 10000F
M
New Caledonia
Sorghum
110F 110F
M
Nicaragua
Sorghum
107625 74624
M
Niger
Sorghum
975223 1311100
M
Nigeria
Sorghum
9058000 9318000
M
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Sorghum
63 29
M
Oman
Sorghum
10439 10439F
M
Pakistan
Sorghum
170000 164500 154000
Panama
Sorghum
8937 8782
M
Papua New Guinea
Sorghum
3500F 3500F
M
Paraguay
Sorghum
25000F 26501 26495
Peru
Sorghum
53 125 153
Philippines
Sorghum
170 239 245F
Republic of Korea
Sorghum
2664 1573
M
Republic of Moldova
Sorghum
97 108 100*
Romania
Sorghum
1193 20899 14440
Russian Federation
Sorghum
40166 75610 13480
Rwanda
Sorghum
164000 144000 150000F
Saudi Arabia
Sorghum
233000 252000
M
Senegal
Sorghum
100704 251515 224956
Serbia
Sorghum
6625 6625F
M
Sierra Leone
Sorghum
23000F 23000F
M
Slovakia
Sorghum
700 764 796
Somalia
Sorghum
80000F 80000F
M
South Africa
Sorghum
176000 255000 276500
Spain
Sorghum
26000 29100 30400
Sri Lanka
Sorghum
160 210 180
Sudan
Sorghum
4999000 3869000 4192000
Swaziland
Sorghum
600F 600F
M
Syrian Arab Republic
Sorghum
4133 1476 3950
Tajikistan
Sorghum
310 140 140F
Thailand
Sorghum
56613 55234 54378
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Sorghum

M 50* 50F
Togo
Sorghum
210298 226740*
M
Tunisia
Sorghum
1200F 1200F
M
Turkey
Sorghum
116 114 390
Turkmenistan
Sorghum

M
M
M
Uganda
Sorghum
456000 477000 497000
Ukraine
Sorghum
78200 231800 41700
United Republic of Tanzania
Sorghum
900000* 900000F
M
United States of America
Sorghum
12635730 11998040 9728220
Uruguay
Sorghum
162766 151200 324200
Uzbekistan
Sorghum
14300* 15000* 20000*
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Sorghum
382116 376959
M
Yemen
Sorghum
601040 376728 311504
Zambia
Sorghum
12800 11446 21829*
Zimbabwe
Sorghum
76200 75000
M
World + (Total)
Sorghum
62434943A 66848250A 62098620A
My usual sources are fao.org, usda.gov, cia.gov, alibaba.com and  many others. Thank you for your visit.

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