Safflower, safflower oil, Carthamus tinctorius

Safflower is an annual herb, native of Mediterranean countries and  known to humans at least  for 4000 years.
Originally it was grown mainly for it's flowers, a source of yellow and red (carthamin) dyes, though Ancient Chinese were using it's oil for a variety of things, like candle making, etc.
Because safflower has a similar color with saffron, it was  often used  to make fake saffron,  thus one of the safflower's nicknames is "Bastard's saffron". Other nicks are "Mexican saffron", "dyer's saffron" and "False saffron".
Now safflower is mostly grown for it's oil, though  there is still a demand  for it's flowers in many regions.
The oil in safflower contains almost 75%  linoleic acid, which is  higher than soybean, corn, cottonseed, peanut or olive oils. This type of safflower is used primarily for edible oil products such as salad oils and soft margarines. Scientists  disagree on whether oils high in polyunsaturated acids, like linoleic acid, can decrease blood cholesterol and the related heart and circulatory problems. Still, it is considered a "high quality" edible oil and public concern about this topic made safflower an important crop for vegetable oil.
Varieties that are high in oleic acid may serve as a heat-stable, but expensive cooking oil used to fry potato chips and french fries. As an industrial oil, it is considered a drying or semi drying oil that is used in manufacturing paints and other surface coatings. The oil is light in color and will not yellow with aging, hence it is used in white and light-colored paints. This oil may also be used as a diesel fuel substitute, but as other vegetable oils, is currently too cost-prohibitive for this use.
The meal that remains after oil extraction is used as a protein supplement for livestock. The meal usually contains  24% protein and a lot of  fiber. Decorticated meal (most of hulls removed) has about 40% protein with a reduced fiber content. Foots are used to manufacture soap. The birdseed industry buys a small portion of the seed production. Sheep and cattle can graze on safflower and stubble fields after the  harvest.
Production
In 2009,  646 427 tonnes of safflower seeds were produced by 23 countries. Over the last 50 years, world production of safflower seeds grew by about 100%.  Highest ever  crop of safflowers was in 1979, when 1 110 535 tons were produced. Lowest crop since 1961 was in 1961, when 326 997 tons were produced.
Land usage decreased by 1% since 1961. In 2009, crop of safflower used  752 455 hectares of land , which is about 0,048% of all arable land in the world.
Biggest producer in the world is India with 189 000 tons as of 2009.
Biggest producer per capita is Kazakhstan  with  4.36 kg of safflower seeds produced as of 2009.
As much as 95 grams of safflower seeds were produced per potential consumer of 2009. That is almost 500 calories.
World safflower seed crop could supply as much as  4.6 million people with 2000 calories a day,  and there is enough of protein for 5.7 million people.
Best  average worldwide yields were 961.8 kg per hectare in 1998, worst, since 1961-- 431.8  kg/ha ( 1961). Individual record belongs to USA  2447.2 kg per hectare in 1971.

Almost 19 000 tonnes were used as seed in 2009.

Average price for safflower seed is $550-700 per ton as of today.
Production of safflower seed by country:

	item	2007		2008		2009
Argentina	Safflower seed	58000		33480		86991
Australia	Safflower seed	2040		2104		6242
Canada	Safflower seed	2592		3366		3259	Im
China	Safflower seed	32000		32500	F	34000	F
Ethiopia	Safflower seed	11176		8075		5552	*
Hungary	Safflower seed	83		237		59
India	Safflower seed	240000		225000		189000
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	Safflower seed	658		593		599	Im
Israel	Safflower seed	0	F	0	F	0	F
Kazakhstan	Safflower seed	43940		45740		67000	*
Kyrgyzstan	Safflower seed	12039		12830		14636
Mexico	Safflower seed	113334		96413		95000	F
Morocco	Safflower seed				M		M
Occupied Palestinian Territory	Safflower seed	5		3		3	F
Pakistan	Safflower seed	49		60		65
Portugal	Safflower seed		M		M		M
Russian Federation	Safflower seed	40		580		350
Spain	Safflower seed	24		30	F	35	F
Tajikistan	Safflower seed	1036		562		600	F
Turkey	Safflower seed	2280		7068		20076
United Republic of Tanzania	Safflower seed	8846	I	9921	Im	10071	Im
United States of America	Safflower seed	95547		140810		109756
Uzbekistan	Safflower seed	3500	F	3621	Im	3133	Im
World + (Total)	Safflower seed	627189	A	622993	A	646427	A

My usual sources are fao.org,usda.gov, cia.gov, alibaba.com. Thank you for your visit!   

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Platinum, Platina , Platine, PT

Platinum nuggets were first discovered in pre-Colombian times, later by Spanish gold diggers in Columbia,(first written account dated 1557) who were really annoyed by its presence. The metal had no use--its high density was used though to fake gold coins.Today these fakes cost by far more than originals.
As an element it was discovered in S. America by Ulloa in 1735. In Russia , platinum was discovered in 1821 in gold mines of Ural mountains.In 1824, purely platinum ores were discovered in the mountain named "Blagodat'" which means "Bonanza" or "god-given gift" in Russian. Conveniently for Russia, Columbia cut off exports of platinum in 1820. Still, not knowing what to do with this sudden but useless at the time bonanza,(by 1828, Russia was digging up to 1550 kg of platinum per year, which is over 150% of all platinum mining in South America (read "world") from 1741 till 1825 combined), Russian Tsar started to mint platinum coins for circulation, planning to hold on to some gold for
themselves.
Coins were minted in exact sizes of 25, 50 kopeck coins and 1 rouble and their denominations were 3

(1 371 691 pieces, about 10 grams each), 6 ( 14 847 p ) and 12 roubles (3474 p). Because of a similar size and color with silver coins, and novelty of platinum, it didn't go well with the public though. In 1843, 3500 kg of platinum were produced in Russia versus 20-40 kg in the rest of the world ( read Columbia), and prices started to fall. As a result Russian finance minister Vronchenko ( Ukrainian as a minister in Russia of 1840s? must have been a rare breed) had an attack of paranoia and decided that evil westerners will be forging roubles with cheap platinum bought directly from Russia, and ordered all platinum coin to be taken out of circulation within 6 months, in 1845. Not one fake coin was found.
This drastic and panic measure caused Platinum price to drop so low, that Platinum production went down

almost 100 times by the end of 1840s.

In 1867, Alexander II canceled state monopoly over platinum and allowed tax-free export, so British company-- guess who-- Johnson Matthey & Co, currently largest platinum distributor in the world, bought all of it --all 16+ tonnes (mostly in coin) from Tzar's hands.

As a result, British company became a long-term monopolist in platinum business without producing 1gram of it. Russia was producing 90-95% of world's platinum up until WW1. Price gradually was going up, and in 1920 it was 8 times more expensive than gold. In 1920s, South African mines came into the play. The production of platinum grew continuously, and for many years now South Africa is producing 70-80% of all worlds platinum, generating $7-8 billion by production.

For many decades ores were rich and mining was easy, now it gets quite a bit tougher, especially considering new labor laws in South Africa.

At least 5 major Canadian companies are digging for platinum in SA, and one of them , a Vancouver-based
Platinum Group Metals Ltd ( PTM-T) is building a $443 million mine in Bushveld as we scratching our tongues here. On the other hand , continuous marginalization and zimbabwication of South Africa, continuous talks about nationalization of mines and continuous pressure on mining companies to provide services to towns around their mines that have over 40% unemployment and 6 kids per each woman will not end well in any case.

The Bushveld Complex in South Africa is the main producer area, with the company AMPLATS as the industry leader. The other significant area is the Norilsk region in Russia. Russia is also the only country with significant stockpiles of platinum(it ceased to sell any Pt from state reserves in 2000), although it is believed that their level has decreased. Russian Government export policies have influenced platinum supply volatility.

Production of platinum, kg:           2008         2009
South Africa    , platinum           146 000     140 000
Russia               platinum             23 000      19 747
Canada             platinum               7 000        5 000
Zimbabwe         platinum               5 640       6 000
USA                 platinum               3 580       3 800
Columbia          platinum               1 300          929.182
Other:               platinum               2 140       2 000

Colombia 2010-January -June 413.172 kg of platinum

So the grand total for 2009 was 177 tonnes of platinum. With density at 21.45 g per cubic sm its a small cube with the height of a tall human.

That's about 26 milligram per every human on the planet( as of 2009; production of platinum for 2010 and 2011 was supposed to grow a bit). A small $10 US platinum coin or 1/10th of an ounce coins of Canada, China , Australia contain a hypothetical "share" of 120 people.
South Africa produced a hopping 2.8 grams of platinum per each citizen in 2009.

10-20 tonnes of ore must be processed to get 1 ounce of metal, and it takes 5-6 months.


Platinum is used as a catalyst for countless chemical reactions. The most important use of platinum is in vehicles, as a catalytic converter(especially in diesel engines), facilitating the complete combustion of unburned hydrocarbon passing through the exhaust.

Platinum is used in jewelry, decorative plating and dental work. The metal and its alloys are also used for electrical contacts, fine resistance wires and medical / laboratory instruments.

An alloy of platinum and cobalt is used to make strong permanent magnets.

The metal is also used to make electrodes sealed in glass (as its thermal coefficient of expansion is almost equal to that of glass) and in medicine.

Example of use: Of the 239 tonnes of platinum sold in 2006 (in some years up to 70 tonnes are produced through recycling), 130 tonnes were used for vehicle emissions control devices,49 tonnes for jewelry, 13.3 tonnes in electronics, and 11.2 tonnes in the chemical industry as a catalyst. The remaining 35.5 tonnes went to various other minor applications, such as electrodes,anticancer drugs, oxygen sensors, spark plugs and turbine engines.

Abundance earth's crust: 5 parts per billion by weight, 0.5 parts per billion by atoms
Abundance solar system: 9 part per billion by weight, 0.06 parts per billion by atoms

The Stillwater and East Boulder Mines in south Montana were the only primary platinum-group metals mines in the USA and were owned by one company. Small quantities of PGMs were also recovered as byproducts of copper refining in Texas and Utah.

Import Sources for USA (2005-08): Platinum: South Africa, 27%; Germany, 17%; United Kingdom, 12%; Canada, 5%; and other, 39%.

At today's prices, world production of platinum is about $10.2 billion worth.


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Cloves, Syzygium aromaticum , Eugenia aromaticum

Cloves are unopened  floral buds of a tropical tree Syzygium aromaticum, native of  Moluccas. Cloves had been an important commodity since at the very least 400 BC. Up to 18th century, you could find some places that would give you  1 kg of gold for 1 kg of cloves. Now, it costs about $2000-5000 per metric ton.
11 countries are producing cloves commercially, and the world crop of 2009 was  116 739 tonnes. That's about 17.1 grams of cloves per year per potential consumer.  That is about 200 individual cloves. Usually  it takes anywhere  from  9 to 15 million  individual  cloves  to come up with 1 metric ton.
 Biggest producer and consumer of cloves is Indonesia, which is producing over 70% of world's cloves. Smoking cloves is a  very popular habit in Indonesia. Biggest producer per capita is Comoros islands, (over 5 kg of cloves). Comoros dedicated over 5.8% of their territory to clove production  ( 25% of all permanent crop land).
Biggest concentration of the trees you will find on Pemba, a  big Tanzanian island . Almost 3 500 000 clove trees are grown there, on 984 sq km.  Somehow they find room for 385 000 local residents as well. A glass of bottled water will get  some clove under taste and smell within a few minutes on that island. A lot of Eugenol, the main aromatic clove oil, is in the air.              

Over 384 950 hectares ( note- Brazilian acreage wasn't included here) were used  for clove production in 2009, a territory similar in size to South Georgia and South Sandwich islands combined. That is over  0.248% of all permanent crop land in the world.

The calorie content of 2009's crop is big enough to provide 480 500 people with 2000 calories a day. Protein content would be big enough to provide 50g a day to 366 000 people.
Best crop ever of cloves was in 2003, (153 048 t), worst, since 1961-- 19 090 tonnes in 1962.
Best worldwide yields since 1961 were in 1967, 402 kg/ha. Worst were in 1989 ( 147.6 kg/ha). Record yield belongs to China 1166.6 kg/ha in 2004. China started to produce its first cloves in 1986.
Note as of  25/05/ 2011 -->  crop of cloves in Indonesia is expected to fall dramatically this year  to 25 000 tonnes vs the usual 85 000.Prices for cloves in Indonesia are reaching $5500 per ton and local consumers are starting to buy cloves from Brazil and other major exporters.
Update March 2012-- Brazil  and most others are sold out; prices  are around $15-20 000 per ton. Interesting times ahead.

World crop is over $ 400 million worth.

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Production by country,            2007                     2008            2009
 Brazil                                    Cloves 5000         6000            6500         (2010--6000 t )

China

Cloves

800

F

825

F

900

F

Comoros

Cloves

3500

*

3500

F

M

Grenada

Cloves

20

F

20

F

M

Indonesia

Cloves

80404

80929

M

Kenya

Cloves

1000

F

1000

F

M

Madagascar

Cloves

10000

F

10000

F

M

Malaysia

Cloves

200

F

200

F

M

Mexico

Cloves

M

M

M

Sri Lanka

Cloves

3070

3990

3790

United Republic of Tanzania

Cloves

9900

F

9900

F

M

World + (Total)

Cloves

113894

A

116364

A

116739

My main sources are FAO.org, USDA.gov, CIA.gov, alibaba.com and many others. . Thank you for your visit!

Canary seed , Alpiste, Phalaris canariensis

Canary seed grass is a native of a Mediterranean region. It is used mostly as a bird food, but  it can be used for  human consumption also. It might cause an esophageal cancer though, if you are not careful, unless you use spike less variety. Microscopic spikes of canary seeds annoy /kill esophageal cells, so their neighbors have to breed faster, and as a result the chance for cancerous mutation is bigger. Right now  canary seed is used as food by North Africa, Italy, parts of Spain and Mexico.
Only 12 countries are growing canary seed / alpiste commercially according to FAO.org, but  the number is more likely to be 10 as Morocco and Netherlands apparently are out of the picture of the canary seed business. Biggest producer both by volume and  per capita is Canada,  141 900 t  of canaryseed produced in 2009. That's about 4.13 kg of canary seed per Canadian. Worldwide,  196 150 tonnes were produced (2009), or 28.4 grams  per potential consumer.
World crop could  provide nutrition for  about 1 mln people.
 213 619 hectares were used for canary seed production in 2009 , a territory close to the size of Comoros islands.

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Best crop ever was in 2004 (378 042 tonnes), worst since 1961-- 47 408 tonnes (1966)
Best global yields were 1212.9 kg/ha in 1990, worst since 1961-- 664.6 kg/ha in 1977.

Record yield belongs to Czech republic , 3500 kg/ha, on some small experimental field. Aside of that, top yield was 1742.8 kg/ha in Turkey (2006)
Canaryseed costs around $1000 per ton,  world crop is about $ 190-210 million worth.

Production by country,              2007            2008            2009

Argentina	Canary seed	9050		10023		9763
Australia	Canary seed	4000	F	5000	F		M
Canada	Canary seed	162000		195600		141900
Czech Republic	Canary seed	700		700			M
Hungary	Canary seed	5972		12343		5389
Mexico	Canary seed	183		227			M
Morocco	Canary seed	0	F	0	F		M
Netherlands	Canary seed		M		M		M
Spain	Canary seed	70	F	70	F		M
Thailand	Canary seed	30000	F	30000	Fc	30000	Fc
Turkey	Canary seed	62		17		61
Uruguay	Canary seed	2800	F	3040	F		M
World + (Total)	Canary seed	214837	A	257020	A	196150	A

Ginger, Jengibre, Zingiber officinale

root of ginger, Zingiber officinale

Ginger is a South Asia's native, where it was  grown for at least 3000 years. First known name of Ginger is singabera , which  means "root with horns" in Sanskrit. Traders were bringing this root to European markets for at least 2000 years.
Now, Ginger is grown  in 32 countries commercially. The biggest producer (and also consumer ) of ginger is India with 380 100 t harvested in 2009.  The biggest producer per capita is Nepal, in 2008 they produced 176 602 t, which is about 6.2 kg of Ginger per each Nepalese. Nepal uses about 0.5% of  all arable land  for ginger production.
Worldwide, there were  about  237.7 grams of ginger available to every human in 2009, which is quite a bit considering how little of it  you need to spice things up. In a properly dried  form, it would be about 40 grams.
1 618 627 tons of ginger were produced in 2009.

427 423 hectares were used  for ginger production in 2009, more than ever in human history. It would be  a  territory bigger than Cape Verde and  Aruba combined.


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Jamaica was producing some  of the finest Ginger in the world not that long ago, but rhizome root disease put an end to it. In November of 2010  3-year , $12 million + project was launched to do something about it, out of which $5.8 million were provided by Jamaican government.
No meaningful  results were achieved so far.

Yields in ginger farming are really interesting. I do not know any other plant yields of which differ so much.
In Pakistan, for example , you get less than 500 kg of ginger per hectare. In Nigeria--710kg, and in USA-- 34000 kg per hectare. 3786.9 kg/ha was an average yield in 2009.
Best yield ever was 56174.3 kg/ha in USA (2000).   Best yield of ginger worldwide  was in 2008, 3810.3 kg/ha. Worst (since 1961) 1921.8 kg/ha in 1961.
Best crop  ever worldwide was in 2009 (see above), worst, since 1961-- 60 360 tonnes in 1961.

flower of ginger

Prices, retail in USA is about $4-5 per pound. By bulk, you can pay anywhere from $200 to $1800 a ton , depending on many factors. World crop is about  $1 billion worth, and  international exports are about $200-220 mln

Production by country,   2006             2007             2008               2009
<><><><><><>

<><><><><><>

Bangladesh	Ginger	57000		63325		77046			M
Bhutan	Ginger	7571		9870		9870	F		M
Cameroon	Ginger	11336		11000		11000	F	11000	F
China	Ginger	319824		327373		328810	F	331810	F
Costa Rica	Ginger	4229		1044		955		1105
Côte d'Ivoire	Ginger	5040		8200		8200	F		M
Dominica	Ginger	120		120		120	F		M
Dominican Republic	Ginger	1500		1700	F	551			M
Ethiopia	Ginger	8000		9000		9000	F		M
Fiji	Ginger	3209		3111		2448		2787
Ghana	Ginger	70		70	F	70	F		M
Grenada	Ginger		M		M		M		M
Guyana	Ginger	520	F	520		520	F		M
India	Ginger	391200		393400		382600		380100
Indonesia	Ginger	177138		178502		192341	F		M
Jamaica	Ginger	259		241		298			M
Japan	Ginger	38100		42700		49800		52000	F
Kenya	Ginger	150		150	F	150	F		M
Madagascar	Ginger	30		30	F	30	F		M
Malaysia	Ginger	9966		10150		10340		11200
Mauritius	Ginger	1016		1299		709		616
Mexico	Ginger		M		M		M		M
Nepal	Ginger	154197		158905		176602			M
Nigeria	Ginger	134000		138000	F	140000	F		M
Pakistan	Ginger	31		57		95			M
Philippines	Ginger	27261		27946		27538		27415
Puerto Rico	Ginger	90		90	F	90	F		M
Republic of Korea	Ginger	4615		5750		3560			M
Réunion	Ginger	96		96	*	96	F		M
Saint Lucia	Ginger	7		9		9			M
Sri Lanka	Ginger	6760		8270		10050		10780
Thailand	Ginger	125000		153284		161505		170125
Trinidad and Tobago	Ginger	95	F	95	F	95	F		M
Uganda	Ginger	120		120	F	120	F		M
United Republic of Tanzania	Ginger	10		10	F	10	F		M
United States of America	Ginger	1950		1270		816			M
World + (Total)	Ginger	1490510	A	1555707	A	1605444	A	1618627	A

My usual sources  are : FAO.org, usda.gov, cia.gov, alibaba.com, many others

Thank you for your visit.

Peanut, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

A relative of a bean family, Peanut was domesticated around 5000 BC in Peru. Today, 115 countries are growing peanuts commercially. In 2009, world production was 35 520 257 tonnes, leaving an average Earthling with 5.2  kg of peanuts to munch on. Assuming 60% edibility, that is enough to last you over 9 days at 2000 calories a day.
World harvest of 2009 could feed 166.4 million people at 2000 calories a day, or  entire populations of Nigeria and Austria combined. World's peanuts have enough protein to supply 292 mln people with 50 grams a day.
23 507 014 hectares , or over 1.49% of all arable land in the world, were used for peanut production in 2009, a territory similar in size with Laos.
Biggest producer in the world is China, with 13 341 075 tons produced in 2009.
Biggest producer per Capita is Senegal with 80.2 kg produced in 2009.  Senegal and  many other countries of West Africa, where peanut consumption is substantial,  have a somewhat  significantly elevated rates of liver cancer, which many  link to a high peanut consumption, so be careful.
 Almost 44 % of all arable land of Senegal is used for peanut production. Peanuts constitute up to 60% of all agricultural exports from Senegal , 3/4 of which is in form of peanut oil.
Best yields worldwide since 1961 were in 2007 (1689.2 kg/ha), worst were in 1965 (881.8 kg/ha)
Record yield belongs to Cyprus, 12297.2kg/ha (1999).
Best crop  worldwide since 1961 was in 2008 (38 216 299 t), worst --14 134 052 t in 1961.


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Peanut prices in USA:   January 19, 2011
      * $549.54 per ton for Runner peanuts
      * $541.68 per ton for Spanish peanuts
      * $553.06 per ton for Valencia peanuts
      * $553.06 per ton for Virginia peanuts

World crop is about  $15 billion worth .
Production, by country,                                          2007                  2008                2009                                                                                                                               

Algeria	Groundnuts, with shell	3319		3222		3057
Angola	Groundnuts, with shell	66660		91925		110828
Argentina	Groundnuts, with shell	600035		625349		605491
Australia	Groundnuts, with shell	17587		17587	F	19346
Bangladesh	Groundnuts, with shell	45910		44268			M
Barbados	Groundnuts, with shell	23	F	25	F	25	F
Belize	Groundnuts, with shell	98		99		63
Benin	Groundnuts, with shell	114460		115562			M
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	Groundnuts, with shell	13900		13769		14084
Botswana	Groundnuts, with shell	600	F	600	F		M
Brazil	Groundnuts, with shell	263440		312802		292781
Bulgaria	Groundnuts, with shell	7000	*	7000	*		M
Burkina Faso	Groundnuts, with shell	244922		300000	*		M
Burundi	Groundnuts, with shell	9500	F	9500	F		M
Cambodia	Groundnuts, with shell	30000		25470			M
Cameroon	Groundnuts, with shell	160000	*	160000	*	160000	F
Cape Verde	Groundnuts, with shell		M		M		M
Central African Republic	Groundnuts, with shell	156374		159501		162691
Chad	Groundnuts, with shell	222276		403210			M
China	Groundnuts, with shell	13079363		14341075		13341075	*
Colombia	Groundnuts, with shell	2586		2634		3852
Comoros	Groundnuts, with shell	900	F	900	F	900	F
Congo	Groundnuts, with shell	23000	F	23000	F		M
Costa Rica	Groundnuts, with shell	225	F	225	F		M
Côte d'Ivoire	Groundnuts, with shell	69256		49885			M
Cuba	Groundnuts, with shell	10000	F	10000	F		M
Cyprus	Groundnuts, with shell	910		269		272
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Groundnuts, with shell	369370		370000			M
Dominican Republic	Groundnuts, with shell	3147		2392			M
Ecuador	Groundnuts, with shell	17000	F	17000	F		M
Egypt	Groundnuts, with shell	217580		208835			M
Eritrea	Groundnuts, with shell	6327		6327	F		M
Ethiopia	Groundnuts, with shell	51080		44685			M
Fiji	Groundnuts, with shell	300	F	300	F		M
Gabon	Groundnuts, with shell	18000	F	18000	F	18000	F
Gambia	Groundnuts, with shell	72557		109641		121950
Georgia	Groundnuts, with shell	23		23	F		M
Ghana	Groundnuts, with shell	301770		470100		485100
Greece	Groundnuts, with shell	1516		1500	F	1500	F
Guatemala	Groundnuts, with shell	1700	F	1700	F		M
Guinea	Groundnuts, with shell	304805		315107			M
Guinea-Bissau	Groundnuts, with shell	24709		29651			M
Guyana	Groundnuts, with shell	1900	F	1900	F		M
Haiti	Groundnuts, with shell	27000		26000			M
Honduras	Groundnuts, with shell	80	F	80	F		M
Hungary	Groundnuts, with shell	3		10		15
India	Groundnuts, with shell	9182500		7168000		5525000
Indonesia	Groundnuts, with shell	1384400		773797		777888
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	Groundnuts, with shell	3600	F	3600	F		M
Iraq	Groundnuts, with shell	2000	F	2000	F		M
Israel	Groundnuts, with shell	25646		16737		16123
Italy	Groundnuts, with shell		M		M		M
Jamaica	Groundnuts, with shell	3728		2825			M
Japan	Groundnuts, with shell	18800		19400		20300
Jordan	Groundnuts, with shell	0	F	0	F		M
Kazakhstan	Groundnuts, with shell	82		179		300	*
Kenya	Groundnuts, with shell	21000	F	21000	F		M
Kyrgyzstan	Groundnuts, with shell	306		283		427
Lao People's Democratic Republic	Groundnuts, with shell	35070		32690			M
Lebanon	Groundnuts, with shell	7000	F	7000	F		M
Liberia	Groundnuts, with shell	5300	F	5400	F		M
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	Groundnuts, with shell	23000	*	23000	*	23000	F
Madagascar	Groundnuts, with shell	42000	F	42000	F		M
Malawi	Groundnuts, with shell	261810		243215			M
Malaysia	Groundnuts, with shell	823		706		780
Mali	Groundnuts, with shell	324187		325000	F	334698
Mauritania	Groundnuts, with shell	800	*	800	*	800	F
Mauritius	Groundnuts, with shell	290		320		587
Mexico	Groundnuts, with shell	82809		80735			M
Morocco	Groundnuts, with shell	49610		41010		30000	*
Mozambique	Groundnuts, with shell	102932		94454			M
Myanmar	Groundnuts, with shell	1000000	*	1000000	F		M
Namibia	Groundnuts, with shell	350	F	300	F		M
Nicaragua	Groundnuts, with shell	156750	*	139266			M
Niger	Groundnuts, with shell	147676		307776	*		M
Nigeria	Groundnuts, with shell	3835600	F	3900000	F		M
Occupied Palestinian Territory	Groundnuts, with shell	20	F	20	F		M
Pakistan	Groundnuts, with shell	83400		85500			M
Papua New Guinea	Groundnuts, with shell	1200	F	1200	F		M
Paraguay	Groundnuts, with shell	36000		29988		22590
Peru	Groundnuts, with shell	6715		6541		8926
Philippines	Groundnuts, with shell	31205		30247		30978
Portugal	Groundnuts, with shell	30	F	30	F		M
Republic of Korea	Groundnuts, with shell	6960		7459			M
Réunion	Groundnuts, with shell	600	F	600	F		M
Rwanda	Groundnuts, with shell	10000	F	11472			M
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Groundnuts, with shell	60	F	42			M
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Groundnuts, with shell	330	F	330	F		M
Saudi Arabia	Groundnuts, with shell	4000	F	4000	F		M
Senegal	Groundnuts, with shell	331195		731210		1032651
Sierra Leone	Groundnuts, with shell	115000	F	115000	F		M
Somalia	Groundnuts, with shell	5500	F	5500	F		M
South Africa	Groundnuts, with shell	58000		88800		99500
Spain	Groundnuts, with shell	75	F	75	F		M
Sri Lanka	Groundnuts, with shell	9840		10250		13070
Sudan	Groundnuts, with shell	564000		716000		942000
Suriname	Groundnuts, with shell	64		17			M
Swaziland	Groundnuts, with shell	4100	F	4100	F		M
Syrian Arab Republic	Groundnuts, with shell	22380		18770		14574
Tajikistan	Groundnuts, with shell	1539		1342		1300	F
Thailand	Groundnuts, with shell	114000	*	114000	F		M
Timor-Leste	Groundnuts, with shell	4000	F	4000	F		M
Togo	Groundnuts, with shell	35950		41428			M
Tonga	Groundnuts, with shell	850	F	850	F		M
Turkey	Groundnuts, with shell	86409		85274		90081
Uganda	Groundnuts, with shell	165000		173000		185000
United Republic of Tanzania	Groundnuts, with shell	300000	F	300000	F		M
United States of America	Groundnuts, with shell	1696728		2341630		1673010
Uruguay	Groundnuts, with shell	1200	F	1200	F		M
Uzbekistan	Groundnuts, with shell	7000	*	7000	*		M
Vanuatu	Groundnuts, with shell	2550	F	2550	F		M
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	Groundnuts, with shell	1094		1326			M
Viet Nam	Groundnuts, with shell	510000		533800			M
Zambia	Groundnuts, with shell	60000	*	70527	*	120564	*
Zimbabwe	Groundnuts, with shell	125000		78600	*		M
World + (Total)	Groundnuts, with shell	37681274	A	38216299	A	35520257	A

Sources: FAO.org , CIA.gov , USDA.gov , alibaba.com  and many, many others