Showing posts with label commodities. Show all posts

Saturday, October 22, 2011

List of all articles at Iron Rye

Friday, February 11, 2011

Cloves, Syzygium aromaticum , Eugenia aromaticum

Cloves are unopened floral buds of a tropical tree Syzygium aromaticum, native of Moluccas. Cloves had been an important commodity since at the very least 400 BC. Up to 18th century, you could find some places that would give you 1 kg of gold for 1 kg of cloves. Now, it costs about $2000-5000 per metric ton.
11 countries are producing cloves commercially, and the world crop of 2009 was 116 739 tonnes. That's about 17.1 grams of cloves per year per potential consumer. That is about 200 individual cloves. Usually it takes anywhere from 9 to 15 million individual cloves to come up with 1 metric ton.
Biggest producer and consumer of cloves is Indonesia, which is producing over 70% of world's cloves. Smoking cloves is a very popular habit in Indonesia. Biggest producer per capita is Comoros islands, (over 5 kg of cloves). Comoros dedicated over 5.8% of their territory to clove production ( 25% of all permanent crop land).
Biggest concentration of the trees you will find on Pemba, a big Tanzanian island . Almost 3 500 000 clove trees are grown there, on 984 sq km. Somehow they find room for 385 000 local residents as well. A glass of bottled water will get some clove under taste and smell within a few minutes on that island. A lot of Eugenol, the main aromatic clove oil, is in the air.

Over 384 950 hectares ( note- Brazilian acreage wasn't included here) were used for clove production in 2009, a territory similar in size to South Georgia and South Sandwich islands combined. That is over 0.248% of all permanent crop land in the world.

The calorie content of 2009's crop is big enough to provide 480 500 people with 2000 calories a day. Protein content would be big enough to provide 50g a day to 366 000 people.
Best crop ever of cloves was in 2003, (153 048 t), worst, since 1961-- 19 090 tonnes in 1962.
Best worldwide yields since 1961 were in 1967, 402 kg/ha. Worst were in 1989 ( 147.6 kg/ha). Record yield belongs to China 1166.6 kg/ha in 2004. China started to produce its first cloves in 1986.
Note as of 25/05/ 2011 --> crop of cloves in Indonesia is expected to fall dramatically this year to 25 000 tonnes vs the usual 85 000.Prices for cloves in Indonesia are reaching $5500 per ton and local consumers are starting to buy cloves from Brazil and other major exporters.
Update March 2012-- Brazil and most others are sold out; prices are around $15-20 000 per ton. Interesting times ahead.

World crop is over $ 400 million worth.

List of all articles at Ironrye:
http://ironrye.blogspot.com/2011/10/list-of-all-articles-at-iron-rye.html

Production by country, 2007 2008 2009
Brazil Cloves 5000 6000 6500 (2010--6000 t )

China

Cloves

800

825

900

Comoros

Cloves

3500

Grenada

Cloves

Indonesia

Cloves

80404

80929

Kenya

Cloves

1000

Madagascar

Cloves

10000

Malaysia

Cloves

200

Mexico

Cloves

Sri Lanka

Cloves

3070

3990

3790

United Republic of Tanzania

Cloves

9900

World + (Total)

Cloves

113894

116364

116739

My main sources are FAO.org, USDA.gov, CIA.gov, alibaba.com and many others. . Thank you for your visit!

Tuesday, January 25, 2011

Peanut, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

A relative of a bean family, Peanut was domesticated around 5000 BC in Peru. Today, 115 countries are growing peanuts commercially. In 2009, world production was 35 520 257 tonnes, leaving an average Earthling with 5.2 kg of peanuts to munch on. Assuming 60% edibility, that is enough to last you over 9 days at 2000 calories a day.
World harvest of 2009 could feed 166.4 million people at 2000 calories a day, or entire populations of Nigeria and Austria combined. World's peanuts have enough protein to supply 292 mln people with 50 grams a day.
23 507 014 hectares , or over 1.49% of all arable land in the world, were used for peanut production in 2009, a territory similar in size with Laos.
Biggest producer in the world is China, with 13 341 075 tons produced in 2009.
Biggest producer per Capita is Senegal with 80.2 kg produced in 2009. Senegal and many other countries of West Africa, where peanut consumption is substantial, have a somewhat significantly elevated rates of liver cancer, which many link to a high peanut consumption, so be careful.
Almost 44 % of all arable land of Senegal is used for peanut production. Peanuts constitute up to 60% of all agricultural exports from Senegal , 3/4 of which is in form of peanut oil.
Best yields worldwide since 1961 were in 2007 (1689.2 kg/ha), worst were in 1965 (881.8 kg/ha)
Record yield belongs to Cyprus, 12297.2kg/ha (1999).
Best crop worldwide since 1961 was in 2008 (38 216 299 t), worst --14 134 052 t in 1961.

List of all articles at Ironrye:
http://ironrye.blogspot.com/2011/10/list-of-all-articles-at-iron-rye.html

Peanut prices in USA:   January 19, 2011
      * $549.54 per ton for Runner peanuts
      * $541.68 per ton for Spanish peanuts
      * $553.06 per ton for Valencia peanuts
      * $553.06 per ton for Virginia peanuts

World crop is about $15 billion worth .
Production, by country,      2007    2008    2009

Algeria	Groundnuts, with shell	3319		3222		3057
Angola	Groundnuts, with shell	66660		91925		110828
Argentina	Groundnuts, with shell	600035		625349		605491
Australia	Groundnuts, with shell	17587		17587	F	19346
Bangladesh	Groundnuts, with shell	45910		44268			M
Barbados	Groundnuts, with shell	23	F	25	F	25	F
Belize	Groundnuts, with shell	98		99		63
Benin	Groundnuts, with shell	114460		115562			M
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	Groundnuts, with shell	13900		13769		14084
Botswana	Groundnuts, with shell	600	F	600	F		M
Brazil	Groundnuts, with shell	263440		312802		292781
Bulgaria	Groundnuts, with shell	7000	*	7000	*		M
Burkina Faso	Groundnuts, with shell	244922		300000	*		M
Burundi	Groundnuts, with shell	9500	F	9500	F		M
Cambodia	Groundnuts, with shell	30000		25470			M
Cameroon	Groundnuts, with shell	160000	*	160000	*	160000	F
Cape Verde	Groundnuts, with shell		M		M		M
Central African Republic	Groundnuts, with shell	156374		159501		162691
Chad	Groundnuts, with shell	222276		403210			M
China	Groundnuts, with shell	13079363		14341075		13341075	*
Colombia	Groundnuts, with shell	2586		2634		3852
Comoros	Groundnuts, with shell	900	F	900	F	900	F
Congo	Groundnuts, with shell	23000	F	23000	F		M
Costa Rica	Groundnuts, with shell	225	F	225	F		M
Côte d'Ivoire	Groundnuts, with shell	69256		49885			M
Cuba	Groundnuts, with shell	10000	F	10000	F		M
Cyprus	Groundnuts, with shell	910		269		272
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Groundnuts, with shell	369370		370000			M
Dominican Republic	Groundnuts, with shell	3147		2392			M
Ecuador	Groundnuts, with shell	17000	F	17000	F		M
Egypt	Groundnuts, with shell	217580		208835			M
Eritrea	Groundnuts, with shell	6327		6327	F		M
Ethiopia	Groundnuts, with shell	51080		44685			M
Fiji	Groundnuts, with shell	300	F	300	F		M
Gabon	Groundnuts, with shell	18000	F	18000	F	18000	F
Gambia	Groundnuts, with shell	72557		109641		121950
Georgia	Groundnuts, with shell	23		23	F		M
Ghana	Groundnuts, with shell	301770		470100		485100
Greece	Groundnuts, with shell	1516		1500	F	1500	F
Guatemala	Groundnuts, with shell	1700	F	1700	F		M
Guinea	Groundnuts, with shell	304805		315107			M
Guinea-Bissau	Groundnuts, with shell	24709		29651			M
Guyana	Groundnuts, with shell	1900	F	1900	F		M
Haiti	Groundnuts, with shell	27000		26000			M
Honduras	Groundnuts, with shell	80	F	80	F		M
Hungary	Groundnuts, with shell	3		10		15
India	Groundnuts, with shell	9182500		7168000		5525000
Indonesia	Groundnuts, with shell	1384400		773797		777888
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	Groundnuts, with shell	3600	F	3600	F		M
Iraq	Groundnuts, with shell	2000	F	2000	F		M
Israel	Groundnuts, with shell	25646		16737		16123
Italy	Groundnuts, with shell		M		M		M
Jamaica	Groundnuts, with shell	3728		2825			M
Japan	Groundnuts, with shell	18800		19400		20300
Jordan	Groundnuts, with shell	0	F	0	F		M
Kazakhstan	Groundnuts, with shell	82		179		300	*
Kenya	Groundnuts, with shell	21000	F	21000	F		M
Kyrgyzstan	Groundnuts, with shell	306		283		427
Lao People's Democratic Republic	Groundnuts, with shell	35070		32690			M
Lebanon	Groundnuts, with shell	7000	F	7000	F		M
Liberia	Groundnuts, with shell	5300	F	5400	F		M
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	Groundnuts, with shell	23000	*	23000	*	23000	F
Madagascar	Groundnuts, with shell	42000	F	42000	F		M
Malawi	Groundnuts, with shell	261810		243215			M
Malaysia	Groundnuts, with shell	823		706		780
Mali	Groundnuts, with shell	324187		325000	F	334698
Mauritania	Groundnuts, with shell	800	*	800	*	800	F
Mauritius	Groundnuts, with shell	290		320		587
Mexico	Groundnuts, with shell	82809		80735			M
Morocco	Groundnuts, with shell	49610		41010		30000	*
Mozambique	Groundnuts, with shell	102932		94454			M
Myanmar	Groundnuts, with shell	1000000	*	1000000	F		M
Namibia	Groundnuts, with shell	350	F	300	F		M
Nicaragua	Groundnuts, with shell	156750	*	139266			M
Niger	Groundnuts, with shell	147676		307776	*		M
Nigeria	Groundnuts, with shell	3835600	F	3900000	F		M
Occupied Palestinian Territory	Groundnuts, with shell	20	F	20	F		M
Pakistan	Groundnuts, with shell	83400		85500			M
Papua New Guinea	Groundnuts, with shell	1200	F	1200	F		M
Paraguay	Groundnuts, with shell	36000		29988		22590
Peru	Groundnuts, with shell	6715		6541		8926
Philippines	Groundnuts, with shell	31205		30247		30978
Portugal	Groundnuts, with shell	30	F	30	F		M
Republic of Korea	Groundnuts, with shell	6960		7459			M
Réunion	Groundnuts, with shell	600	F	600	F		M
Rwanda	Groundnuts, with shell	10000	F	11472			M
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Groundnuts, with shell	60	F	42			M
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Groundnuts, with shell	330	F	330	F		M
Saudi Arabia	Groundnuts, with shell	4000	F	4000	F		M
Senegal	Groundnuts, with shell	331195		731210		1032651
Sierra Leone	Groundnuts, with shell	115000	F	115000	F		M
Somalia	Groundnuts, with shell	5500	F	5500	F		M
South Africa	Groundnuts, with shell	58000		88800		99500
Spain	Groundnuts, with shell	75	F	75	F		M
Sri Lanka	Groundnuts, with shell	9840		10250		13070
Sudan	Groundnuts, with shell	564000		716000		942000
Suriname	Groundnuts, with shell	64		17			M
Swaziland	Groundnuts, with shell	4100	F	4100	F		M
Syrian Arab Republic	Groundnuts, with shell	22380		18770		14574
Tajikistan	Groundnuts, with shell	1539		1342		1300	F
Thailand	Groundnuts, with shell	114000	*	114000	F		M
Timor-Leste	Groundnuts, with shell	4000	F	4000	F		M
Togo	Groundnuts, with shell	35950		41428			M
Tonga	Groundnuts, with shell	850	F	850	F		M
Turkey	Groundnuts, with shell	86409		85274		90081
Uganda	Groundnuts, with shell	165000		173000		185000
United Republic of Tanzania	Groundnuts, with shell	300000	F	300000	F		M
United States of America	Groundnuts, with shell	1696728		2341630		1673010
Uruguay	Groundnuts, with shell	1200	F	1200	F		M
Uzbekistan	Groundnuts, with shell	7000	*	7000	*		M
Vanuatu	Groundnuts, with shell	2550	F	2550	F		M
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	Groundnuts, with shell	1094		1326			M
Viet Nam	Groundnuts, with shell	510000		533800			M
Zambia	Groundnuts, with shell	60000	*	70527	*	120564	*
Zimbabwe	Groundnuts, with shell	125000		78600	*		M
World + (Total)	Groundnuts, with shell	37681274	A	38216299	A	35520257	A

Sources: FAO.org , CIA.gov , USDA.gov , alibaba.com and many, many others

Saturday, January 8, 2011

Avocado , Persea americana, Abacate

Avocado is a tall (up to 20m) tropical tree, native to Mexico. An adult tree brings up to 1000-1200 avocados per year, one of the highest nutrition-wise yields among all trees. Oldest evidence of usage dates to about 10 000 BC. Today 68 countries are producing avocados commercially. It is produced as far North as Bosnia in former Yugoslavia.
Biggest producer both by volume and per capita is Mexico, with 1 124 565 tons in 2008. About 10 kg of avocados produced per each Mexican yearly, enough to make about 10 ounces of guacamole every other week or so.

3 585 156 + tonnes were produced in 2009, leaving a potential consumer with 520 g of avocados to consume. Assuming 70% average edibility , and that avocado flesh has 160 calories per 100 gr , 5 500 513 people , or entire population of Denmark, could be fed with the world crop at 2000 calories a day.

avocado seedling

438 325 hectares were used for production of avocados in 2009, a territory similar to Cape Verde and Grenada combined.
In 2009, the average price of U.S. avocados declined to $1,290 per ton, a decrease of $560 per ton from the previous year. World crop is about $5-6 billion worth.

List of all articles at Ironrye:
http://ironrye.blogspot.com/2011/10/list-of-all-articles-at-iron-rye.html

Common nicknames : midshipman's butter , alligator pear ( my favorite ), vegetable butter
French : avocatier
Portuguese: abacate
Spanish : ahuacate, aguacate, ahuacati , palta
Zapateco : palta     Mixteco : tichi         Totonaco : kukata
Lacandon : on        Nahuatl : ahuacatli     Otomi : ts'ani
Maya : oon yixo     P'hurembe : kupanda
Mazahua : sonu      Tarahumara : bajichi

Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian : Авокадо

아보카도 Apokat

אבוקדו

Production of avocado by country,

	item	2007		2008		2009
Argentina	Avocados	3600		3600	F	3600	F
Australia	Avocados	47238		47238	F	38478
Barbados	Avocados	580		600	F	600	F
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	Avocados	3242		3242	F		M
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Avocados	1000		1000	F		M
Brazil	Avocados	154096		147214			M
Cameroon	Avocados	55000		55000	F	55000	F
Cayman Islands	Avocados	15		15	F	15	F
Central African Republic	Avocados	4600		4700	F	4800	F
Chile	Avocados	250000	F	250000	F		M
China	Avocados	92000	*	95000	F	100000	F
Colombia	Avocados	193996		183968		165175
Congo	Avocados	6500	F	6600	F		M
Cook Islands	Avocados	25	F	25	F		M
Costa Rica	Avocados	25000	F	25000	F		M
Côte d'Ivoire	Avocados	26815		26815	F		M
Cuba	Avocados	3500	F	3500	F		M
Cyprus	Avocados	1114		960		1150
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Avocados	64340		65220			M
Dominica	Avocados	650	F	650	F		M
Dominican Republic	Avocados	183468		187398			M
Ecuador	Avocados	28500	F	28500	F		M
El Salvador	Avocados	1958		2135		2182
Ethiopia	Avocados	55000	F	42849		32452	*
France	Avocados	31		14	F	15	F
French Guiana	Avocados	250	F	250	F		M
French Polynesia	Avocados	70		70	F		M
Ghana	Avocados	7900	F	7900	F		M
Greece	Avocados	1538		1600		1600	F
Grenada	Avocados	1600		1600	F		M
Guadeloupe	Avocados	280		280	F		M
Guam	Avocados		M		M		M
Guatemala	Avocados	96525		96525	F		M
Guyana	Avocados	500	F	500	F		M
Haiti	Avocados	58000		58000	F		M
Honduras	Avocados	1638		1650	F	1700	F
Indonesia	Avocados	201635		225180		257868
Israel	Avocados	85913		53130		68578
Jamaica	Avocados	4000	F	4000	F		M
Kenya	Avocados	93639		93639	F		M
Lebanon	Avocados	6000		6000	F		M
Madagascar	Avocados	25000		25000	F		M
Martinique	Avocados	360		360	F		M
Mexico	Avocados	1142892		1124565			M
Morocco	Avocados	16896		19253			M
New Zealand	Avocados	20000		20000	F		M
Occupied Palestinian Territory	Avocados	377		344			M
Panama	Avocados	3914		4010			M
Paraguay	Avocados	13500		13500	F	14000	F
Peru	Avocados	121720		136303		155982
Philippines	Avocados	24975		24180		25000	F
Portugal	Avocados	16000		16000	F		M
Puerto Rico	Avocados	1900		1900	F		M
Réunion	Avocados	180		180	F		M
Rwanda	Avocados	70000		79291		80000	F
Saint Lucia	Avocados	284		458			M
Samoa	Avocados	1150		1150	F		M
Seychelles	Avocados	15		15	F		M
South Africa	Avocados	65203		83534		75932
Spain	Avocados	82116		82116	F		M
Swaziland	Avocados	650	F	650	F		M
Timor-Leste	Avocados	370		370	F		M
Trinidad and Tobago	Avocados	460		460	F		M
Tunisia	Avocados	230	F	230	F		M
Turkey	Avocados	931		958		1169
United States of America	Avocados	193100		116000			M
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	Avocados	83304		71771			M
Zimbabwe	Avocados	1100	F	1100	F		M
World + (Total)	Avocados	3648383	A	3555265	A	3585156	A

Iron Rye

Saturday, October 22, 2011

List of all articles at Iron Rye

Friday, February 11, 2011

Cloves, Syzygium aromaticum , Eugenia aromaticum

Tuesday, January 25, 2011

Peanut, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

Saturday, January 8, 2011

Avocado , Persea americana, Abacate

아보카도 Apokat

אבוקדו

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